Adjective Clause Connector

Sebuah klausa kata sifat yang mendeskripsikan kata benda. Karena klausa tersebut adalah kata sifat, maka klausa diposisikan langsung setelah kata benda yang mendeskripsikan.

Dalam contoh pertama, ada dua klausa: This adalah subjek dari kata kerja is, dan I adalah subjek dari kata kerja want. That adalah konektor klausa kata sifat yang menghubungkan dua klausa, dan klausa kata sifat that I want to buy mendeskripsikan kata benda house.

Dalam contoh kedua, ada juga dua klausa: house adalah subyek dari kata kerja is, dan I adalah subjek dari kata kerja want. Dalam kalimat ini juga, That adalah konektor klausa kata sifat yang menghubungkan dua klausa, dan klausa kata sifat that I want to buy mendeskripsikan kata benda house.

Contoh berikut menunjukkan bagaimana pola-pola kalimat dapat diuji pada bagian Struktur dari tes TOEFL.

contoh

Para _____ pekerjaan mulai kemarin agak sulit.
(A) ketika
(B) adalah
(C) setelah
(D) bahwa ia

Dalam contoh ini, Anda akan melihat dengan cepat bahwa ada dua klausa: job adalah subyek dari kata kerja was, dan kata kerja started membutuhkan subjek. Karena ada dua klausa, konektor juga diperlukan. Jawaban (A) dan (C) memiliki konektor, tetapi tidak ada subjek, jadi jawaban ini tidak benar. Jawaban (B) perubahan started menjadi kata kerja pasif, dalam hal ini kalimat akan memiliki satu subjek dan dua kata kerja, sehingga jawaban (B) adalah tidak benar. Jawaban terbaik untuk pertanyaan ini adalah jawaban (D). Kalimat yang benar seharusnya: The job that he started yesterday was rather difficult. Dalam kalimat ini job adalah subjek dari kata kerja was, He adalah subyek dari kata kerja started, dan that adalah konektor yang menghubungkan dua klausa.

Tabel berikut ini berisi konektor klausa kata sifat dan pola kalimat digunakan dengan konektor tersebut.

Noun Clause Connector/Subjects

Pada skill sebelumnya (Skill 7) A noun clause connector (whom, what dan which) hanya berfungsi sebagai connector.

Di skill 8 (Noun clause connector/subject), Noun Clause Connector tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai Connector tapi pada saat yang bersamaan juga berfungsi sebagai Subject. Perhatikan kalimat di bawah ini:

Analisa:

Pada kalimat pertama terdapat dua kalimat/klausa: I know dan what happened yesterday. Kedua kalimat ini di hubungngakn oleh Connector what.


Pada kalimat ke dua (what happened yesterday) dari kedua contoh di atas. What juga berfungsi sebagai Subject dari kalimat tersebut. Sedangkan happened berfungsi sebagai verb.

Perhatikan contoh di bawah ini.

The company was prepared for ________ happened with the economy.

(A) it

(B) the problem

(C) what

(D) when

Analisa:

• Kalimat diatas memiliki dua buah klausa yaitu "The company was prepared for" dan " ........... happened with the economy.
• Klausa ke dua "................happened with the economy" kurang lengkap karena belum memiliki subject sekaligus connector yang berfungsi menghubungkan kedua kalimat.
• Jawaban yang tepat adalah what (c) karena ini bisa berfungsi sebagai Subject dan connector.

Chart dibawah ini menunjukan bagaimana Noun clause connectors/subject di gunakan dalam kalimat.

Sumber : http://www.toeflskill.com/2011/02/toefl-structure-skill-8-noun-clause.html

Noun Clause Connectors

Sebuah klausa nomina adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda, karena fungsi klausa kata benda sebagai kata benda, dapat digunakan dalam sebuah kalimat sebagai obyek kata kerja (jika mengikuti kata kerja) atau objek preposisi (jika berikut preposisi). Pelajari klausa dan konektor dalam kalimat berikut.

I don't know why he said such things
I don't know about why he said such things

Dalam contoh pertama, ada dua klausa, I don’t know dan he said such things. Kedua klausul bergabung dengan konektor why. Why mengubah klausul dia mengatakan hal-hal tersebut menjadi klausa nomina yang berfungsi sebagai objek dari kata kerja don’t know.

Dalam contoh kedua, kedua klausa I am thinking and he said such things juga bergabung dengan konektor why. Why mengubah I am thinking tersebut menjadi klausa nomina yang berfungsi sebagai objek preposisi .

Contoh

1. I am not sure.

2. Where can I go to London?
What should I do for her?
How long have you studied TOEFL?
How much has she gained her weight?
Who is she?

Kalau kedua digabung, menjadi:

• I am not sure where I can go to London.
• I am not sure what I should do for her.
• I am not sure how long you have studied TOEFL.
• I am not sure how she has gained her weight.
• I am not sure who she is.

Kalau WH-Questionnya menggunakan Modal (Can, Will, Would, Might, Should, etc), maka modal tersebut harus di letakan setelah kata kerja (Verb).

Kalau WH-Questionnya menggunakan To Be (am, is, are, was, were) maka To Be tersebut di letakan setelah Subject.

Kalau WH-questionnya dalam bentuk Present Perfect atau Past Perfect, maka Have, Has dan Had di letakan setelah Subject.

Itulah beberapa cara bagaimana menggabungkan dua buah kalimat/clause jika clause/kalimat yang kedua adalah wh-questions.

Hal-hal diatas harus bisa kita lakukan karena ini relevan dengan skill 7. A noun clause adalah clause/kalimat yang berfungsi sebagai NOUN. Karena Noun Clause berfungsi sebagai Noun, maka fungsinya pada kalimat bisa sebagai object of verb (object dari kata kerja) dan object of preposition (Object dari Preposisi/kata depan).

Sumber : http://www.toeflskill.com/2011/02/toefl-structure-skill-7-noun-clause.html

Adverb Clause Connector

Bukan hanya pada kalimat yang memakai verb yang membutuhkan penghubung tapi kalimat ber-adverb pun begitu. Beberapa adverb connector yang sering dipakai sebagai berikut :

Sebagai contoh perhatikan 2 kalimat berikut :

He is tired because he has been working so hard.

Because he has been working so hard, he is tired.

Analisa:

Di masing-masing contoh kalimat di atas terdapat dua buah klausa/kalimat:

1. He is tired
2. He has been working hard

Kedua klausa/kalimat diatas tentunya membutuhkan connector untuk menyambungkan mereka dan mempunyai arti. Connector yang tepat adalah because. Sehingga kalimatnya menjadi

• He is tired because He has been working hard, or
• Because he has been working hard, he is tired.

Kalau Connectornya berada di tengah-tengah, maka tidak membutuhkan koma tapi kalau connectornya ada di awal kalimat, maka di butuhkan koma.

Contoh dibawah ini menunjukan bagaimana Adverb Clause Connector biasa di tes di Structure Section dari TOEFL test.

Example

_____ arrived at the library, he started to work immediately.

(A) The student
(B) When
(C) He
(D) After the student

Analisa:

• Dari dua klausa/kalimat diatas, kalimat pertama ".....arrive at the library" belum memiliki Subject tapi sudah memiliki Verb. Sedangkan kalimat kedua sudah memiliki Subject, he, dan Verb, started.
• Tidak juga ada juga Connector untuk menghubungkan kedua kalimat tersebut.
• Jawaban terbaik adalah (D) karena ada subject, the student, untuk melengkapi kalimat arrive, dan connector, when, untuk menghubungkan kedua kalimat tersebut.

Sumber : http://www.toeflskill.com/2011/02/skill-5-adverb-clause-connectors.html

Coordinate Connector

Yang dimaksud dengan Coordinate Connector adalah AND, BUT, OR, or SO.

Banyak kalimat dalam Bahasa Inggris yang terdiri dari dua klausa ( Klausa adalah kelompok kata yang paling sedikit terdiri dari satu Subject dan satu Verb (Predikat).

Ketika ada dua kalimat dalam Bahasa Inggris, kita harus menggabungkannya dengan benar. Salah satu cara untuk menggabungkan dua buah kalusa adalah dengan menggunakan AND, BUT, OR, or SO.

Contoh:

1. The sun was shining and the sky was blue.
2. The sky was blue, but it was very cold.
3. It may rain tonight, or it may be clear.
4. It was raining outside, so I took my umbrella.

Analisa:

• Keempat kalimat diatas terdiri dari dua klausa dan semuanya di hubungkan dengan sebuah Coordinate Coonector dan sebuah Comma.

Contoh berikut ini akan menunjukan bagaimana Coordinate Connector di Tes di Structure Questions pada TOEFL Test.

Contoh:

I forgot my coat, ____ I got very cold.

(A) then
(B) so
(C) later
(D) as a result

Analisa:

• Kalimat diatas memiliki dua buah klausa: I forgot my coat dan I got very cold. Untuk menghubungkannya, kita harus menggunakan sebuah Coonector. Kata Then (A), later (C), dan as a result (D) bukanlah Connector. Jadi jawaban terbaik adalah (B) karena so bisa menghubungkan kedua klausa tersebut dengan benar.

Sumber : http://www.toeflskill.com/2011/02/skill-5-coordinate-connector.html

Banjir atau Genangan

Gambar ini menggambarkan pengelakan fauzi bowo terhadap kondisi jakarta ketika hujan. Ketika beliau berjanji untuk mengatasi masalah banjir di jakarta, dan ternyata jakarta masih terendam banjir maka tetap terlihat janjinya ditepati kondisi tersebut dikatakan hanya sebagai genangan air saja.

Walaupun begitu, rakyat tidak bisa dibohongi. Dengan tinggi "genangan" mulai setinggi betis sampai bisa merendam apakah masih layak disebut sebagai genangan. Masalah banjir di jakarta memang bukan masalah yang mudah untuk dipecahkan. Mulai dari kawasan hijau yang sedikit, terlalu banyaknya gedung tinggi serta minimnya saluran pembuangan air untuk kota sebesar jakarta.

Oleh karena itu, selayaknya para pemimpin dan pemangku jabatan jangan terlalu memberikan janji muluk kepada rakyat pada saat pemilihan. Sebab, jika kenyataannya lain dengan yang dijanjikan justru akan menjadi boomerang bagi dirinya sendiri.

Anggota DPR

Inilah salah satu potret dari kerja anggota DPR. Tak cuma memalukan tetapi juga memilukan dan menyakitkan hati. Entah lelah karena beban pekerjaan atau "pekerjaan" yang lain, para anggota dewan seharusnya sadar bahwa pada rapat penting DPR akan banyak media yang meliput dan berjuta pasang mata rakyat yang menonton.

Jika mereka tahu bahwa kondisi mereka tidak sanggup untuk menghadiri acara tersebut kenapa tidak hadir saja? Atau mereka malu ketahuan jika ternyata mereka absen pada rapat penting. Dengan segala alasan yang mereka punya, dengan fakta seperti ini bukankah mereka mencoreng martabat mereka sendiri dan membuat kepercayaan masyarakat berkurang.

Walaupun tidak semua anggota DPR seperti itu, tetap saja media hanya akan mengambil momen yang menurut mereka menarik dan akan menjadi topik pembicaraan yang hangat.

New 7 Wonders

Memang menjadi sebuah kebanggaan dan kegembiraan sendiri jika salah satu objek wisata lokal menjadi salah satu New 7 Wonders of Nature. Apalagi harus berhadapan dengan tempat wisata lain dari luar negeri yang juga tak jauh lebih indah dan menakjubkan. Serta membutuhkan biaya dan perjuangan yang tidak sedikit.

Akan tetapi, bila ditelusuri lebih jauh dari pencapaian ini seharusnya melihat fakta - fakta lain yang ada. New 7 Wonders bertujuan untuk membuat daftar tempat wisata dunia yang akan dipublikasikan melalui internet. Hal ini akan berguna hanya bagi tempat wisata yang belum begitu terkenal tapi mempunyai potensi.

Beda halnya dengan Taman Nasional Pulau Komodo, tempat tersebut sudah terkenal di seluruh dunia dan sudah menjadi tempat warisan dunia yang diakui oleh UNESCO. Jadi tidak perlu lagi publikasi sebagai New 7 Wonder melalui internet. Karena yang diperlukan oleh TNPK adalah konservasi agar komodo dan flora serta fauna endemik lainnya tetap terjaga dan terpelihara. Sebab dengan ramainya TNPK sebagai objek wisata justru mempersempit kawasan liar untuk komodo dan hewan lainnya.

Oleh karena itu, sangat disayangkan jika ternyata akibat dari pesatnya pariwisata di sebuah tempat dengan pembangunan resort dan penginapan membuat penghuni asli yang justru ikon tempat tersebut tercemari dan hilang

Review Viewer Acer X1161N

Kegiatan kantor, sekolah dan rumah sekarang ini sudah tidak asing lagi dengan projector atau viewer. Walaupun projector umum digunakan kegiatan presentasi akan tetapi untuk rumah projector dipakai sebagai alternatif untuk membuat home theater. Jika dibandingkan harus membeli HDTV yang ukuran besar yang mahal.

Adapun faktor penting yang menentukan kualitas gambar dari sebuah projector adalah Lumen dan Contrast ratio.

• Contrast Ratio merupakan perbandingan antara Kuat Cahaya yang paling Terang dengan yang paling Gelap yang bisa dihasilkan oleh suatu Proyektor

• Lumens adalah Kuat Cahaya paling Terang yg bisa dihasilkan oleh proyektor

• Misal: Proyektor 4000 ANSI Lumen dengan Contrast Ratio = 2000 : 1
  Kuat Cahaya paling Terang yg bisa dihasilkan = 4000 ANSI Lumens
  Kuat Cahaya paling Gelap yg bisa dihasilkan = 2 ANSI Lumens
  Perhitungan Contrast Ratio = 4000 : 2 = 2000 : 1

Pada post kali ini saya akan mereview proyektor Acer seri X1161N :

Detail Specifications

Projection System DLP Technology Native Resolution SVGA (800 x 600) Max. Resolution Up to SXGA (1280 x 1024) Brightness 2500 ANSI Lumens Contrast Ratio 4000:1 Aspect Ratio 4:3 Native, 16:9 Compatible Image Size 25" ~ 300" (64cm ~ 762cm) Lamp Type Osram 180 W user replaceable P-VIP lamp 4,000 Hours (ECO); 3,500 Hours (standard) Max. Distance 39.0' (11.9m) Min. Distance 3.3' (1.0m) H-Sync Range 31k – 69k Hz V-Sync Range 50 - 85 Hz Power Supply AC Input 100~240V auto-switching power supply Power Consumption 255 Watts (Operation), <5 Watts (Standby) Dimension 268 x 192 x 80 mm (10.6 x 7.6 x 3.1 inches) Weight 5 lbs (2.3Kg)

Dengan desain yang standar dan warna hitam, belum tentu kinerja dan kualitas gambar yang dihasilkan standar pula. Memakai teknologi DLP yang membuat bentuk proyektor lebih kecil dan ringan. X1161N pun dapat menghasilkan gambar dengan resolusi yang mencapai SXGA (1280 X 1024) dibandikan produk lain yang setara hanya dapat menghasilkan gambar dengan resolusi SVGA (800 x 600).

Kelebihan utama dari produk ini adalah contrast rasio sebesar 4000 : 1, jauh melampaui produk setara lainnya yang hanya memakai contrast rasio 1000-3000 : 1. Walaupun lumen hanya sebesar 2500 ANSI terhitung standar akan tetapi dengan contrast yang besar cukup membantu menghasilkan gambar yang cerah dan nyata.

Kesimpulan :
Acer sebagai salah satu produsen besar dibidang elektronik memang tidak sembarangan mengeluarkan suatu produk. Dengan mempunyai kelebihan daripada produk lain yang setara X1161 sangat pantas berada setingkat lebih atas dibanding yang lain. Dengan menggunakan 2 aspect ratio yaitu 4:3 dan 16 : 9 yang membuat produk ini dapat dipakai untuk presentasi ataupun home theater. Walaupun harga yang lebih mahal, akan tetapi itu pantas untuk kualitas yang lebih.

If-Clause dan Wish Sentences

Seperti pada posting sebelumnya ada 3 tipe If-Clause yaitu :

1. Tipe 1 : Digunakan untuk membuat kalimat sesuatu mungkin akan terjadi sekarang atau nanti jika diberikan suatu kondisi.
2. Tipe 2 : Digunakan untuk membuat kalimat sesuatu mungkin tidak akan terjadi pada masa depan jika diberikan suatu kondisi.
3. Tipe 3 : Digunakan untuk membuat kalimat sesuatu mungkin tidak (akan) terjadi pada masa lalu jika diberikan suatu kondisi.

The verb wish expresses a desire for a situation that does not exist right now in the present. A wish is a desire to change a real situation into an unreal one. The unreal situation is expressed in the simple past. For example:
I wish I lived in a house. I live in an apartment.
Wish sentences often express regret about a situation that you would like to change e.g.
A:Can you help me? B: No, I'm sorry. I wish I could, but I have an appointment.

In order to express future actions that you want to happen , you use would e.g.
I wish the bus would come. I'm cold. (In fact, the bus wouldn't come)
I wish you'd have a car to take me to the beach. (In act, you'd haven't a car)
I wish I were thin. (In fact, I were not thin)
I wish I hadn't said that. (In fact, I said it)
I wish I could fly. (In fact, I couldn't fly)
I wish I had a car. (In fact, I hadn't a car)
I wish I had try it. (In fact, I had'nt try it)
I wish I had have a Iphone4S. (In fact, I hadn't have it)
I wish I could do something. (In fact, I couldn't do)
I wish I could help you. (In fact, I couldn't help)

Sumber : http://netgrammar.altec.org/Units/Unit_15/a101c15_201000.html
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/if_type3.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/if_type2.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/if_type1.htm

Conditional Sentence

In grammar, conditional sentences are sentences discussing factual implications or hypothetical situations and their consequences. Languages use a variety of conditional constructions and verb forms (such as the conditional mood) to form such sentences.

Full conditional sentences contain two clauses: the condition or protasis, and the consequence or apodosis.

If it rains [condition], (then) the picnic will be cancelled [consequence].

Syntactically, the condition is the subordinate clause, and the consequence is the main clause. However, the properties of the entire sentence are primarily determined by the properties of the protasis (condition) (its tense and degree of factualness). There are 3 type in conditional sentences :

Conditional Sentence Type 1

→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future

Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

Conditional Sentence Type 2

→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

Conditional Sentence Type 3

→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.

Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)

Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

Example :

1. If I find her address, I will send her an invitation.
2. If I hadn't helped you, you would have failed.
3. If it had been sunny, we could have gone out.
4. If I were you, I wouldn't do that.
5. If I had more time, I would do more on my websites.
6. If I have time today, I will phone my friend.
7. If I go to England, I will buy some Cheddar cheese.
8. If he said that to me, I would run away.
9. If you had called me, I would have come.
10. If you had done your job properly, we wouldn't be in this mess now.

Sumber : http://ismailmidi.com/berita-140-conditional-sentences.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_sentence

Contoh - contoh Passive Sentence

Negative Passive Sentence

1. The ball is not kicked well by player.
2. Food hasn't served.
3. People are changed by time.
4. The machine is turned off automatically.
5. The thread is not posted.
6. The letter wasn't burned.
7. Jungle hasn't converted into forestry.
8. Guitar is not being played.
9. Dog has been adopted by a girl.
10. De la hoya isn't punched by Chris john.

Interogative Passive Sentence

1. Is the ball kicked well?
2. Has food served?
3. Are people changed by time?
4. Is the machine turn off automatically?
5. Is then thread posted?
6. Was the letter burned?
7. Has jungle converted into forestry?
8. Is guitar being played?
9. Has dog been adopted by girl?
10. Is De la hoya punched by Chris john?
    

Intransitive Verb

In grammar, an intransitive verb is a verb that has no object. This differs from a transitive verb, which takes one or more objects. Both classes of verb are related to the concept of the transitivity of a verb.

Examples of intransitive verbs include to die and to sleep. Transitive verbs include to see and to give.

The valency of a verb is related concept. Where the transitivity of a verb only considers the objects, the valency of a verb considers all the arguments the verb takes, including both the subject of the verb and all of the objects (of which there are none for an intransitive verb).

Depending on the type of object they take, verbs may be transitive, intransitive, or linking.

The meaning of a transitive verb is incomplete without a direct object, as in the following examples:

INCOMPLETE
The shelf holds.
COMPLETE
The shelf holds three books and a vase of flowers.
INCOMPLETE
The committee named.
COMPLETE
The committee named a new chairperson.
INCOMPLETE
The child broke.
COMPLETE
The child broke the plate.

An intransitive verb, on the other hand, cannot take a direct object. Many verbs can be either transitive or intransitive, depending on their context in the sentence.

An intransitive verb has two characteristics. First, it is an action verb, expressing a double activity like arrive, go, lie, sneeze, sit, die, etc. Second, unlike a transitive verb, it will not have a direct object receiving the action.
Here are some examples of intransitive verbs:
Huffing and puffing, we arrived at the classroom door with only seven seconds to spare.
Arrived = intransitive verb.
James went to the campus cafe for a steaming bowl of squid eyeball stew.
Went = intransitive verb.
To escape the midday sun, the cats lie in the shade under our cars.
Lie = intransitive verb.
Around fresh ground pepper, Sheryl sneezes with violence.
Sneezes = intransitive verb.
In the evenings, Glenda sits on the front porch to admire her immaculate lawn.
Sits = intransitive verb.
Flipped on its back, the beetle that Clara soaked with insecticide dies under the refrigerator.
Dies = intransitive verb.

Realize that many verbs can be both transitive and intransitive.
An action verb with a direct object is transitive while an action verb with no direct object is intransitive. Some verbs, such as arrive, go, lie, sneeze, sit, and die, are always intransitive; it is impossible for a direct object to follow.
Other action verbs, however, can be transitive or intransitive, depending on what follows in the sentence. Compare these examples:
Because of blood sugar problems, Rosa always eats before leaving for school.
Eats = intransitive verb.
If there is no leftover pizza, Rosa usually eats whole-grain cereal.
Eats = transitive verb; cereal = direct object.
During cross-country practice, Damien runs over hills, through fields, across the river, and along the highway.
Runs = intransitive verb.
In the spring, Damien will run his first marathon.
Will run = transitive verb; marathon = direct object.

Example

1. Father sleeps on bedroom.
2. Children are whining for a candy.
3. I'm wake at 05.30 am.
4. Elvis leave the building.
5. She live at Kapuk street.
6. You are weeping like a baby.
7. We walk to the stadium.
8. He sing for his lover.
9. They try to confuse me.
10. My pet is tired.
    

Sumber : http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/trnsintr.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intransitive_verb

Transitive Verb

In syntax, a transitive verb is a verb that requires both a direct subject and one or more objects. The term is used to contrast intransitive verbs, which do not have objects. Among transitive verbs there are three sub-types: monotransitive verbs have only a direct object, ditransitive verbs have a direct object and an indirect or benefactive object. Complex-transitive verbs have a direct object and an object attribute.

Many verbs have both a transitive and an intransitive function, depending on how they are used. The verb break, for instance, sometimes takes a direct object ("Rihanna breaks my heart") and sometimes does not ("When I hear your name, my heart breaks"). A transitive verb has two characteristics. First, it is an action verb, expressing a doable activity like kick, want, paint, write, eat, clean, etc. Second, it must have a direct object, something or someone who receives the action of the verb.

Example : She eats gado-gado.
They hit floor with stick.
I play guitar.
You break my heart.
Father drinks coffee.
Fire burns the woods.
John punchs De la Hoya hardly.
Mike bites someone ear.
We give you thumbs up.
He cross the bridge.

Sumber : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive_verb
http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/transitiveverb.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/tz/g/tranverb02term.htm

Passive Voice

The passive voice is a grammatical construction (a "voice") in which the subject of a sentence or clause denotes the recipient of the action (the patient) rather than the performer (the agent). In the English language, the English passive voice is formed with an auxiliary verb (usually be or get) plus a participle (usually the past participle) of a transitive verb.

A sentence featuring the passive voice is sometimes called a passive sentence, and a verb phrase in passive voice is sometimes called a passive verb. English differs from languages in which voice is indicated through a simple inflection, since the English passive is periphrastic, composed of an auxiliary verb plus the past participle of the transitive verb.

A passive voice is form by Subject + to be + Past Particle / Verb3. Usually only a transitive verb can be changed from active voice to passive voice. Passive voice is used as the object of the active voice is more important information than its subject.

To change a sentence from active to passive voice, do the following:

1. Move the active sentence's direct object into the sentence's subject slot

2. Place the active sentence's subject into a phrase beginning with the preposition by

3. Add a form of the auxiliary verb be to the main verb and change the main verb's form

Because passive voice sentences necessarily add words and change the normal doer-action-receiver of action direction, they may make the reader work harder to understand the intended meaning.

As the examples below illustrate, a sentence in active voice flows more smoothly and is easier to understand than the same sentence in passive voice.

It is generally preferable to use the ACTIVE voice.

To change a passive voice sentence into an active voice sentence, simply reverse the steps shown above.

1. Move the passive sentence's subject into the active sentence's direct object slot

2. Remove the auxiliary verb be from the main verb and change main verb's form if needed

3. Place the passive sentence's object of the preposition by into the subject slot.

Because it is more direct, most writers prefer to use the active voice whenever possible.

The passive voice may be a better choice, however, when

• the doer of the action is unknown, unwanted, or unneeded in the sentence

Examples

• the writer wishes to emphasize the action of the sentence rather than the doer of the action

Examples

• the writer wishes to use passive voice for sentence variety.

Example : The thread is posted.
The letter was burned.
The city was founded by Eric Gargaton.
Jungle has been converted into forestry.
Caesar was stabbed by Brutus.

Sumber : http://www.towson.edu/ows/activepass.htm
http://swarabhaskara.com/miscellaneous/active-and-passive-voice/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_passive_voice

Modifier

A word, phrase, or clause that functions as an adjective or adverb to limit or qualify the meaning of another word or word group (called the head). Modifiers that appear before the head are called premodifiers. Modifiers that appear after the head are called postmodifiers.

By adding modifying phrases to the end of a sentence, a writer can take the reader in new, sometimes unexpected directions. A resumptive modifier picks up a word or phrase from a sentence that seems to be finished and then adds information and takes the reader into new territory of thought. Because resumptive modifiers are, by nature, repetitive, they tend also to add a sense of rhythm to a sentence.

Example :
Father drives car very carefully.
He eats two hamburgers.
We are going to biology class.
She makes a sweet cake.
I write a good sentence.

Sumber : http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/modterm.htm

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sentences.htm

Komplemen

A complement (notice the spelling of the word) is any word or phrase that completes the sense of a subject, an object, or a verb. As you will see, the terminology describing predicates and complements can overlap and be a bit confusing. Students are probably wise to learn one set of terms, not both. Complements are required to complete the verb.

A subject complement follows a linking verb; it is normally an adjective or a noun that renames or defines in some way the subject.
A glacier is a huge body of ice.
Glaciers are beautiful and potentially dangerous at the same time.
This glacier is not yet fully formed. (verb form acting as an adjective, a participle)

Adjective complements are also called predicate adjectives; noun complements are also called predicate nouns or predicate nominatives. See predicates, above.
An object complement follows and modifies or refers to a direct object. It can be a noun or adjective or any word acting as a noun or adjective.
The convention named Dogbreath Vice President to keep him happy. (The noun "Vice President" complements the direct object "Dogbreath"; the adjective "happy" complements the object "him.")

The clown got the children too excited. (The participle "excited" complements the object "children.")

A verb complement is a direct or indirect object of a verb.

Granny left Raoul all her money. (Both "money" [the direct object] and "Raoul" [the indirect object] are said to be the verb complements of this sentence.)

Contoh Kalimat

The news makes me upset. (upset = Objective Complement)
He grew happier gradually (happier = Subjective Complement)
The game is now over (now = Subjective Complement)

Komplemen, seperti fungsinya yaitu untuk melengkapi verb dalam sebuah kalimat tentu diperlukan, tapi tidak pada semua kalimat bahasa inggris. Complement sangat diperlukan oleh :
1. Transitive Verbs (Kata Kerja yang membutuhkan objek) read, write, make, invite, dll.
2. Intransitive Verbs (Kata Kerja yang tidak membutuhkan objek) seperti boil, walk, sleep, dll.
3. Linking Verbs

Sumber : http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/objects.htm
http://ismailmidi.com/berita-88-sentences.html

Fungsi Verb

A verb is a word expressing an action or a condition of a subject.

There are three properties which characterize verbs in English--tense, voice, and mood.

In English the fourteen verb tenses express the time or relative time in which an action or condition occurs.

The voice of a verb, passive or active, expresses whether the action is being received by the subject or being done by the subject. The two voices may occur in any tense.

The mood of a verb expresses the conditions under which an action or condition is taking place. In English there are three moods--indicative, subjunctive, or imperative. Indicative and subjunctive can be in any tense; imperative, only in the present tense.

Verbs are also classified according to function. Action verbs show action or possession. Action verbs are either transitive or intransitive. Linking verbs show the condition of the subject. Auxiliary verbs, also called helping verbs, are used with other verbs to change the tense, voice, or condition of the verb.

Conditional verbs are verbs conjugated with could, would, or should to show a possible condition. They may be in any tense.

The principal parts of a verb are the four forms of the verb from which all forms of the verb can be made. In English the four principal parts are the present (or infinitive), the past tense, the past participle, and the present participle. Since the present participle is always formed the same way (add -ing), some lists of principal parts omit it.

Sumber : http://englishplus.com/grammar/00000380.htm

Article

Jakarta (UR): The striker on Indonesia’s senior national football team, Bambang Pamungkas, warned the media and public not to get too excited over the performance of the under-23 side in the 26th SEA Games, saying it was too early to celebrate.

He alluded to Indonesia’s performance in the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) Cup last year. In the tournament, Indonesia rode into the final on the back of spectacular wins, but the high expectations and increased publicity affected the team’s game, he said.

Indonesia lost 3-0 in the away game and won 2-1 in the home game to hand the trophy to Malaysia.

“Now our U-23 team is in good form. They have secured a berth in the semifinals, so let’s celebrate within reason. I call on media to not overdo the media scrutiny on the team as it will hurt their concentration,” Bambang said in Jakarta on Monday.

He added that the players would need full concentration for their next matches.

“During the 2010 AFF Cup, the media treated us like we had already won the trophy. We became arrogant. We are only human. I hope this doesn’t happen to our U-23 team,” he said.

Bambang added that he was happy with the U-23 side’s progress, and said the players had good prospects for the future.

“I’m happy with the progress of the players on this team. I hope in time they will replace us. We cannot play for the national team forever,” he said.

Sentence

1. The striker on Indonesia’s senior national football team, Bambang Pamungkas, warned the media and public not to get too excited over the performance of the under-23 side in the 26th SEA Games. Simple Present Tense
2. saying it was too early to celebrate. Countinous Past Tense
3. He alluded to Indonesia’s performance in the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) Cup last year. Simple Present Tense
4. Indonesia lost 3-0 in the away game and won 2-1 in the home game to hand the trophy to Malaysia. Simple Past Tense
5. They have secured a berth in the semifinals, so let’s celebrate within reason. Perfect Present Tense
6. I call on media to not overdo the media scrutiny on the team as it will hurt their concentration Simple Present Tense
7. He added that the players would need full concentration for their next matches. Simple Present Tense, Perfect Future Tense
8. the media treated us. Simple Present Tense
9. we had already won the trophy. Perfect Past Tense
10. I hope this doesn’t happen to our U-23 team. Simple Present Tense
11. Bambang added that he was happy with the U-23 side’s progress. Simple Past Tense
12. said the players had good prospects for the future. Simple Past Tense
13. I hope in time they will replace us. Simple Present Tense
14. We cannot play for the national team forever. Simple Present Tense

Sumber : http://seag2011.com/en/news/detail/135/Bambang-Pamungkas:-Don't-celebrate-until-we've-won/

Subject and Verb Aggrement

Subject and verb aggrement adalah ketentuan atau peraturan yang mengatakan jika subject singular (tunggal) maka verb harus berupa singular juga. Dan jika subject plural (jamak) maka verb harus berupa plural pula. Ada banyak aturan dalam ketentuan ini akan tetapi peraturan dasar tetap sama adapun pola tersebut dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut :

	Singular subject	Singular verb	Tenses
1	He/She/it	verb1 + es/s	simple present
2	He/She/it	is + verb-ing	present continuous
3	He/She/it	was + verb-ing	past continuous
4	He/She/it	has + verb3	present perfect
5	He/She/it	has + been + verb-ing	present perfect continuous
6	He/She/it	is going to + verb1	simple future
7	He/She/It	is going to + be verb-ing	future continuous
8	He/She/it	was going to + verb1	past future
9	He/She/It	was going to + be verb-ing	past future continuous

Dan jika subject berupa plural :

Plural subject	Plural verb	Tense
1	I/we/you/they	verb1	simple present
2	I/we/you/they	am/are + verb-ing	present continuous
3	I/we/you/they	was/were + verb-ing	past continuous
4	I/we/you/they	have+ verb3	present perfect
5	I/we/you/they	have + been + verb-ing	present perfect continuous
6	I/we/you/they	am/are going to + verb1	simple future
7	I/we/you/they	am/are going to + be verb-ing	future continuous
8	I/we/you/they	was/were going to + verb1	past future
9	I/we/you/they	was/were going to + be verb-ing	past future continuous

Definisi dan fungsi Subject

Subject adalah pelaku atau agen dari sebuah pekerjaan, tapi juga bisa menjadi pembawa suatu atribut. Subjek memiliki fungsi gramatikal dalam kalimat penyusunnya berhubungan (frase benda) dengan menggunakan kata kerja untuk setiap elemen lain yang ada dalam kalimat, yaitu objek, pelengkap dan keterangan.

Bentuk-bentuk Subject

Subjek biasanya kata benda, frase nomina, atau kata ganti. Dalam kalimat deklaratif, subjek biasanya muncul sebelum kata kerja ("Gus pernah tersenyum"). Dalam sebuah kalimat interogatif, subjek biasanya mengikuti bagian pertama dari kata kerja ("Apakah Gus pernah tersenyum?").


Sumber : http://swarabhaskara.com/parts-of-speech/subject-verb-agreement-part-1/

Leadership

Leadership atau dalam bahasa Indonesia yaitu kepemimpinan adalah suatu perilaku dengan tujuan tertentu untuk mempengaruhi aktivitas anggota kelompok untuk mencapai tujuan bersama yang dirancang memberikan manfaat bagi individu dan kelompok (Sarros dan Butchasky, 1996). Walaupun bukan suatu bidang ilmu akan tetapi kepemimpinan bisa dipelajari oleh semua individu dengan praktek mulai dari diri sendiri kemudian kepada orang lain.

Secara umum, orang akan mengatakan seseorang dapat menjadi seorang pemimpin jika dia memiliki ciri yang penting yaitu karisma, pandangan ke depan, persuasi dan intensitas. Atau dalam sumber lain mengatakan bahwa pemimpin harus memiliki ciri, integritas, bertanggung jawab, pengetahuan yang luas, komitmen, dan percaya diri.

Akan tetapi, masyarakat Indonesia kini lebih condong pada pemimpin yang berkharisma dan berprilaku sopan dan santun. Sehingga ciri lain yang diperlukan untuk menjadi pemimpin tidak diperhatikan atau malah tertutupi karena terpesona dengan karisma individu tersebut. Karena pemimpin bukan hanya orang yang dapat dijadikan contoh teladan tapi juga dapat bersifat tegas dalam menegakkan peraturan dan berani dalam mengambil resiko.

Sebenarnya, dalam kepemimpinan yang sudah dicontohkan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW pemimpin harus memiliki 4 ciri yaitu : 1. Shidiq atau benar. Artinya benar karena segala tindak tanduk sikap dan perbuatan dari pemimpin dilandasi kebenaran. 2. Amanah atau dapat dipercaya. Artinya segala ucapan dan janji ditepati dan dilakukan. 3. Fathonah atau Cerdas. Pemimpin harus cerdas sebagai syarat dalam pengantisipasi segala permasalahan yang mungkin akan muncul dan mempunyai dan yang paling penting adalah cerdas dalam artian mampu membuat solusi atas berbagai permasalahan yang ada melalui berbagai sudut pandang. 4. Tablig atau penyampaikan. Selain ketiga sifat yang disebutkan diatas, pemimpin harus bisa menyampaikan dan mensosialisasikan segala kebijakan yang diambil.

Sumber : http://www.keuanganpraktis.com/2009/06/kepemimpinan-teladan-sifat-kepemimpinan.html
http://www.anneahira.com/motivasi/kepemimpinan.htm
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepemimpinan