In syntax, a transitive verb is a verb that requires both a direct subject and one or more objects. The term is used to contrast intransitive verbs, which do not have objects. Among transitive verbs there are three sub-types: monotransitive verbs have only a direct object, ditransitive verbs have a direct object and an indirect or benefactive object. Complex-transitive verbs have a direct object and an object attribute.
Many verbs have both a transitive and an intransitive function, depending on how they are used. The verb break, for instance, sometimes takes a direct object ("Rihanna breaks my heart") and sometimes does not ("When I hear your name, my heart breaks"). A transitive verb has two characteristics. First, it is an action verb, expressing a doable activity like kick, want, paint, write, eat, clean, etc. Second, it must have a direct object, something or someone who receives the action of the verb.
Example : She eats gado-gado.
They hit floor with stick.
I play guitar.
You break my heart.
Father drinks coffee.
Fire burns the woods.
John punchs De la Hoya hardly.
Mike bites someone ear.
We give you thumbs up.
He cross the bridge.
Sumber : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive_verb
http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/transitiveverb.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/tz/g/tranverb02term.htm
Minggu, 20 November 2011
Passive Voice
The passive voice is a grammatical construction (a "voice") in which the subject of a sentence or clause denotes the recipient of the action (the patient) rather than the performer (the agent). In the English language, the English passive voice is formed with an auxiliary verb (usually be or get) plus a participle (usually the past participle) of a transitive verb.
A sentence featuring the passive voice is sometimes called a passive sentence, and a verb phrase in passive voice is sometimes called a passive verb. English differs from languages in which voice is indicated through a simple inflection, since the English passive is periphrastic, composed of an auxiliary verb plus the past participle of the transitive verb.
A passive voice is form by Subject + to be + Past Particle / Verb3. Usually only a transitive verb can be changed from active voice to passive voice. Passive voice is used as the object of the active voice is more important information than its subject.
The letter was burned.
The city was founded by Eric Gargaton.
Jungle has been converted into forestry.
Caesar was stabbed by Brutus.
Sumber : http://www.towson.edu/ows/activepass.htm
http://swarabhaskara.com/miscellaneous/active-and-passive-voice/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_passive_voice
A sentence featuring the passive voice is sometimes called a passive sentence, and a verb phrase in passive voice is sometimes called a passive verb. English differs from languages in which voice is indicated through a simple inflection, since the English passive is periphrastic, composed of an auxiliary verb plus the past participle of the transitive verb.
A passive voice is form by Subject + to be + Past Particle / Verb3. Usually only a transitive verb can be changed from active voice to passive voice. Passive voice is used as the object of the active voice is more important information than its subject.
To change a sentence from active to passive voice, do the following:
1. Move the active sentence's direct object into the sentence's subject slot
2. Place the active sentence's subject into a phrase beginning with the preposition by
3. Add a form of the auxiliary verb be to the main verb and change the main verb's form
Because passive voice sentences necessarily add words and change the normal doer-action-receiver of action direction, they may make the reader work harder to understand the intended meaning.
As the examples below illustrate, a sentence in active voice flows more smoothly and is easier to understand than the same sentence in passive voice.
It is generally preferable to use the ACTIVE voice.
To change a passive voice sentence into an active voice sentence, simply reverse the steps shown above.
1. Move the passive sentence's subject into the active sentence's direct object slot
2. Remove the auxiliary verb be from the main verb and change main verb's form if needed
3. Place the passive sentence's object of the preposition by into the subject slot.
Because it is more direct, most writers prefer to use the active voice whenever possible.
The passive voice may be a better choice, however, when
- the doer of the action is unknown, unwanted, or unneeded in the sentence
Examples
- the writer wishes to emphasize the action of the sentence rather than the doer of the action
Examples
- the writer wishes to use passive voice for sentence variety.
The letter was burned.
The city was founded by Eric Gargaton.
Jungle has been converted into forestry.
Caesar was stabbed by Brutus.
Sumber : http://www.towson.edu/ows/activepass.htm
http://swarabhaskara.com/miscellaneous/active-and-passive-voice/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_passive_voice
Jumat, 18 November 2011
Modifier
A word, phrase, or clause that functions as an adjective or adverb to limit or qualify the meaning of another word or word group (called the head). Modifiers that appear before the head are called premodifiers. Modifiers that appear after the head are called postmodifiers.
By adding modifying phrases to the end of a sentence, a writer can take the reader in new, sometimes unexpected directions. A resumptive modifier picks up a word or phrase from a sentence that seems to be finished and then adds information and takes the reader into new territory of thought. Because resumptive modifiers are, by nature, repetitive, they tend also to add a sense of rhythm to a sentence.
Example :
Father drives car very carefully.
He eats two hamburgers.
We are going to biology class.
She makes a sweet cake.
I write a good sentence.
Sumber : http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/modterm.htm
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sentences.htm
By adding modifying phrases to the end of a sentence, a writer can take the reader in new, sometimes unexpected directions. A resumptive modifier picks up a word or phrase from a sentence that seems to be finished and then adds information and takes the reader into new territory of thought. Because resumptive modifiers are, by nature, repetitive, they tend also to add a sense of rhythm to a sentence.
Example :
Father drives car very carefully.
He eats two hamburgers.
We are going to biology class.
She makes a sweet cake.
I write a good sentence.
Sumber : http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/modterm.htm
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sentences.htm
Selasa, 15 November 2011
Komplemen
A complement (notice the spelling of the word) is any word or phrase that completes the sense of a subject, an object, or a verb. As you will see, the terminology describing predicates and complements can overlap and be a bit confusing. Students are probably wise to learn one set of terms, not both. Complements are required to complete the verb.
A subject complement follows a linking verb; it is normally an adjective or a noun that renames or defines in some way the subject.
A glacier is a huge body of ice.
Glaciers are beautiful and potentially dangerous at the same time.
This glacier is not yet fully formed. (verb form acting as an adjective, a participle)
Adjective complements are also called predicate adjectives; noun complements are also called predicate nouns or predicate nominatives. See predicates, above.
An object complement follows and modifies or refers to a direct object. It can be a noun or adjective or any word acting as a noun or adjective.
The convention named Dogbreath Vice President to keep him happy. (The noun "Vice President" complements the direct object "Dogbreath"; the adjective "happy" complements the object "him.")
The clown got the children too excited. (The participle "excited" complements the object "children.")
A verb complement is a direct or indirect object of a verb.
Granny left Raoul all her money. (Both "money" [the direct object] and "Raoul" [the indirect object] are said to be the verb complements of this sentence.)
Contoh Kalimat
The news makes me upset. (upset = Objective Complement)
He grew happier gradually (happier = Subjective Complement)
The game is now over (now = Subjective Complement)
Komplemen, seperti fungsinya yaitu untuk melengkapi verb dalam sebuah kalimat tentu diperlukan, tapi tidak pada semua kalimat bahasa inggris. Complement sangat diperlukan oleh :
1. Transitive Verbs (Kata Kerja yang membutuhkan objek) read, write, make, invite, dll.
2. Intransitive Verbs (Kata Kerja yang tidak membutuhkan objek) seperti boil, walk, sleep, dll.
3. Linking Verbs
Sumber : http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/objects.htm
http://ismailmidi.com/berita-88-sentences.html
A subject complement follows a linking verb; it is normally an adjective or a noun that renames or defines in some way the subject.
A glacier is a huge body of ice.
Glaciers are beautiful and potentially dangerous at the same time.
This glacier is not yet fully formed. (verb form acting as an adjective, a participle)
Adjective complements are also called predicate adjectives; noun complements are also called predicate nouns or predicate nominatives. See predicates, above.
An object complement follows and modifies or refers to a direct object. It can be a noun or adjective or any word acting as a noun or adjective.
The convention named Dogbreath Vice President to keep him happy. (The noun "Vice President" complements the direct object "Dogbreath"; the adjective "happy" complements the object "him.")
The clown got the children too excited. (The participle "excited" complements the object "children.")
A verb complement is a direct or indirect object of a verb.
Granny left Raoul all her money. (Both "money" [the direct object] and "Raoul" [the indirect object] are said to be the verb complements of this sentence.)
Contoh Kalimat
The news makes me upset. (upset = Objective Complement)
He grew happier gradually (happier = Subjective Complement)
The game is now over (now = Subjective Complement)
Komplemen, seperti fungsinya yaitu untuk melengkapi verb dalam sebuah kalimat tentu diperlukan, tapi tidak pada semua kalimat bahasa inggris. Complement sangat diperlukan oleh :
1. Transitive Verbs (Kata Kerja yang membutuhkan objek) read, write, make, invite, dll.
2. Intransitive Verbs (Kata Kerja yang tidak membutuhkan objek) seperti boil, walk, sleep, dll.
3. Linking Verbs
Sumber : http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/objects.htm
http://ismailmidi.com/berita-88-sentences.html
Fungsi Verb
A verb is a word expressing an action or a condition of a subject.
There are three properties which characterize verbs in English--tense, voice, and mood.
In English the fourteen verb tenses express the time or relative time in which an action or condition occurs.
The voice of a verb, passive or active, expresses whether the action is being received by the subject or being done by the subject. The two voices may occur in any tense.
The mood of a verb expresses the conditions under which an action or condition is taking place. In English there are three moods--indicative, subjunctive, or imperative. Indicative and subjunctive can be in any tense; imperative, only in the present tense.
Verbs are also classified according to function. Action verbs show action or possession. Action verbs are either transitive or intransitive. Linking verbs show the condition of the subject. Auxiliary verbs, also called helping verbs, are used with other verbs to change the tense, voice, or condition of the verb.
Conditional verbs are verbs conjugated with could, would, or should to show a possible condition. They may be in any tense.
The principal parts of a verb are the four forms of the verb from which all forms of the verb can be made. In English the four principal parts are the present (or infinitive), the past tense, the past participle, and the present participle. Since the present participle is always formed the same way (add -ing), some lists of principal parts omit it.
Sumber : http://englishplus.com/grammar/00000380.htm
Article
Jakarta (UR): The striker on Indonesia’s senior national football team, Bambang Pamungkas, warned the media and public not to get too excited over the performance of the under-23 side in the 26th SEA Games, saying it was too early to celebrate.
He alluded to Indonesia’s performance in the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) Cup last year. In the tournament, Indonesia rode into the final on the back of spectacular wins, but the high expectations and increased publicity affected the team’s game, he said.
Indonesia lost 3-0 in the away game and won 2-1 in the home game to hand the trophy to Malaysia.
“Now our U-23 team is in good form. They have secured a berth in the semifinals, so let’s celebrate within reason. I call on media to not overdo the media scrutiny on the team as it will hurt their concentration,” Bambang said in Jakarta on Monday.
He added that the players would need full concentration for their next matches.
“During the 2010 AFF Cup, the media treated us like we had already won the trophy. We became arrogant. We are only human. I hope this doesn’t happen to our U-23 team,” he said.
Bambang added that he was happy with the U-23 side’s progress, and said the players had good prospects for the future.
“I’m happy with the progress of the players on this team. I hope in time they will replace us. We cannot play for the national team forever,” he said.
Sentence
1. The striker on Indonesia’s senior national football team, Bambang Pamungkas, warned the media and public not to get too excited over the performance of the under-23 side in the 26th SEA Games. Simple Present Tense
2. saying it was too early to celebrate. Countinous Past Tense
3. He alluded to Indonesia’s performance in the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) Cup last year. Simple Present Tense
4. Indonesia lost 3-0 in the away game and won 2-1 in the home game to hand the trophy to Malaysia. Simple Past Tense
5. They have secured a berth in the semifinals, so let’s celebrate within reason. Perfect Present Tense
6. I call on media to not overdo the media scrutiny on the team as it will hurt their concentration Simple Present Tense
7. He added that the players would need full concentration for their next matches. Simple Present Tense, Perfect Future Tense
8. the media treated us. Simple Present Tense
9. we had already won the trophy. Perfect Past Tense
10. I hope this doesn’t happen to our U-23 team. Simple Present Tense
11. Bambang added that he was happy with the U-23 side’s progress. Simple Past Tense
12. said the players had good prospects for the future. Simple Past Tense
13. I hope in time they will replace us. Simple Present Tense
14. We cannot play for the national team forever. Simple Present Tense
Sumber : http://seag2011.com/en/news/detail/135/Bambang-Pamungkas:-Don't-celebrate-until-we've-won/
There are three properties which characterize verbs in English--tense, voice, and mood.
In English the fourteen verb tenses express the time or relative time in which an action or condition occurs.
The voice of a verb, passive or active, expresses whether the action is being received by the subject or being done by the subject. The two voices may occur in any tense.
The mood of a verb expresses the conditions under which an action or condition is taking place. In English there are three moods--indicative, subjunctive, or imperative. Indicative and subjunctive can be in any tense; imperative, only in the present tense.
Verbs are also classified according to function. Action verbs show action or possession. Action verbs are either transitive or intransitive. Linking verbs show the condition of the subject. Auxiliary verbs, also called helping verbs, are used with other verbs to change the tense, voice, or condition of the verb.
Conditional verbs are verbs conjugated with could, would, or should to show a possible condition. They may be in any tense.
The principal parts of a verb are the four forms of the verb from which all forms of the verb can be made. In English the four principal parts are the present (or infinitive), the past tense, the past participle, and the present participle. Since the present participle is always formed the same way (add -ing), some lists of principal parts omit it.
Sumber : http://englishplus.com/grammar/00000380.htm
Article
Jakarta (UR): The striker on Indonesia’s senior national football team, Bambang Pamungkas, warned the media and public not to get too excited over the performance of the under-23 side in the 26th SEA Games, saying it was too early to celebrate.
He alluded to Indonesia’s performance in the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) Cup last year. In the tournament, Indonesia rode into the final on the back of spectacular wins, but the high expectations and increased publicity affected the team’s game, he said.
Indonesia lost 3-0 in the away game and won 2-1 in the home game to hand the trophy to Malaysia.
“Now our U-23 team is in good form. They have secured a berth in the semifinals, so let’s celebrate within reason. I call on media to not overdo the media scrutiny on the team as it will hurt their concentration,” Bambang said in Jakarta on Monday.
He added that the players would need full concentration for their next matches.
“During the 2010 AFF Cup, the media treated us like we had already won the trophy. We became arrogant. We are only human. I hope this doesn’t happen to our U-23 team,” he said.
Bambang added that he was happy with the U-23 side’s progress, and said the players had good prospects for the future.
“I’m happy with the progress of the players on this team. I hope in time they will replace us. We cannot play for the national team forever,” he said.
Sentence
1. The striker on Indonesia’s senior national football team, Bambang Pamungkas, warned the media and public not to get too excited over the performance of the under-23 side in the 26th SEA Games. Simple Present Tense
2. saying it was too early to celebrate. Countinous Past Tense
3. He alluded to Indonesia’s performance in the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) Cup last year. Simple Present Tense
4. Indonesia lost 3-0 in the away game and won 2-1 in the home game to hand the trophy to Malaysia. Simple Past Tense
5. They have secured a berth in the semifinals, so let’s celebrate within reason. Perfect Present Tense
6. I call on media to not overdo the media scrutiny on the team as it will hurt their concentration Simple Present Tense
7. He added that the players would need full concentration for their next matches. Simple Present Tense, Perfect Future Tense
8. the media treated us. Simple Present Tense
9. we had already won the trophy. Perfect Past Tense
10. I hope this doesn’t happen to our U-23 team. Simple Present Tense
11. Bambang added that he was happy with the U-23 side’s progress. Simple Past Tense
12. said the players had good prospects for the future. Simple Past Tense
13. I hope in time they will replace us. Simple Present Tense
14. We cannot play for the national team forever. Simple Present Tense
Sumber : http://seag2011.com/en/news/detail/135/Bambang-Pamungkas:-Don't-celebrate-until-we've-won/
Kamis, 10 November 2011
Subject and Verb Aggrement
Subject and verb aggrement adalah ketentuan atau peraturan yang mengatakan jika subject singular (tunggal) maka verb harus berupa singular juga. Dan jika subject plural (jamak) maka verb harus berupa plural pula. Ada banyak aturan dalam ketentuan ini akan tetapi peraturan dasar tetap sama adapun pola tersebut dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut :
Dan jika subject berupa plural :
Definisi dan fungsi Subject
Subject adalah pelaku atau agen dari sebuah pekerjaan, tapi juga bisa menjadi pembawa suatu atribut. Subjek memiliki fungsi gramatikal dalam kalimat penyusunnya berhubungan (frase benda) dengan menggunakan kata kerja untuk setiap elemen lain yang ada dalam kalimat, yaitu objek, pelengkap dan keterangan.
Bentuk-bentuk Subject
Subjek biasanya kata benda, frase nomina, atau kata ganti. Dalam kalimat deklaratif, subjek biasanya muncul sebelum kata kerja ("Gus pernah tersenyum"). Dalam sebuah kalimat interogatif, subjek biasanya mengikuti bagian pertama dari kata kerja ("Apakah Gus pernah tersenyum?").
Sumber : http://swarabhaskara.com/parts-of-speech/subject-verb-agreement-part-1/
| Singular subject | Singular verb | Tenses | |
| 1 | He/She/it | verb1 + es/s | simple present |
| 2 | He/She/it | is + verb-ing | present continuous |
| 3 | He/She/it | was + verb-ing | past continuous |
| 4 | He/She/it | has + verb3 | present perfect |
| 5 | He/She/it | has + been + verb-ing | present perfect continuous |
| 6 | He/She/it | is going to + verb1 | simple future |
| 7 | He/She/It | is going to + be verb-ing | future continuous |
| 8 | He/She/it | was going to + verb1 | past future |
| 9 | He/She/It | was going to + be verb-ing | past future continuous |
Dan jika subject berupa plural :
| Plural subject | Plural verb | Tense | |
| 1 | I/we/you/they | verb1 | simple present |
| 2 | I/we/you/they | am/are + verb-ing | present continuous |
| 3 | I/we/you/they | was/were + verb-ing | past continuous |
| 4 | I/we/you/they | have+ verb3 | present perfect |
| 5 | I/we/you/they | have + been + verb-ing | present perfect continuous |
| 6 | I/we/you/they | am/are going to + verb1 | simple future |
| 7 | I/we/you/they | am/are going to + be verb-ing | future continuous |
| 8 | I/we/you/they | was/were going to + verb1 | past future |
| 9 | I/we/you/they | was/were going to + be verb-ing | past future continuous |
Definisi dan fungsi Subject
Subject adalah pelaku atau agen dari sebuah pekerjaan, tapi juga bisa menjadi pembawa suatu atribut. Subjek memiliki fungsi gramatikal dalam kalimat penyusunnya berhubungan (frase benda) dengan menggunakan kata kerja untuk setiap elemen lain yang ada dalam kalimat, yaitu objek, pelengkap dan keterangan.
Bentuk-bentuk Subject
Subjek biasanya kata benda, frase nomina, atau kata ganti. Dalam kalimat deklaratif, subjek biasanya muncul sebelum kata kerja ("Gus pernah tersenyum"). Dalam sebuah kalimat interogatif, subjek biasanya mengikuti bagian pertama dari kata kerja ("Apakah Gus pernah tersenyum?").
Sumber : http://swarabhaskara.com/parts-of-speech/subject-verb-agreement-part-1/
Selasa, 08 November 2011
Leadership
Leadership atau dalam bahasa Indonesia yaitu kepemimpinan adalah suatu perilaku dengan tujuan tertentu untuk mempengaruhi aktivitas anggota kelompok untuk mencapai tujuan bersama yang dirancang memberikan manfaat bagi individu dan kelompok (Sarros dan Butchasky, 1996). Walaupun bukan suatu bidang ilmu akan tetapi kepemimpinan bisa dipelajari oleh semua individu dengan praktek mulai dari diri sendiri kemudian kepada orang lain.
Secara umum, orang akan mengatakan seseorang dapat menjadi seorang pemimpin jika dia memiliki ciri yang penting yaitu karisma, pandangan ke depan, persuasi dan intensitas. Atau dalam sumber lain mengatakan bahwa pemimpin harus memiliki ciri, integritas, bertanggung jawab, pengetahuan yang luas, komitmen, dan percaya diri.
Akan tetapi, masyarakat Indonesia kini lebih condong pada pemimpin yang berkharisma dan berprilaku sopan dan santun. Sehingga ciri lain yang diperlukan untuk menjadi pemimpin tidak diperhatikan atau malah tertutupi karena terpesona dengan karisma individu tersebut. Karena pemimpin bukan hanya orang yang dapat dijadikan contoh teladan tapi juga dapat bersifat tegas dalam menegakkan peraturan dan berani dalam mengambil resiko.
Sebenarnya, dalam kepemimpinan yang sudah dicontohkan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW pemimpin harus memiliki 4 ciri yaitu : 1. Shidiq atau benar. Artinya benar karena segala tindak tanduk sikap dan perbuatan dari pemimpin dilandasi kebenaran. 2. Amanah atau dapat dipercaya. Artinya segala ucapan dan janji ditepati dan dilakukan. 3. Fathonah atau Cerdas. Pemimpin harus cerdas sebagai syarat dalam pengantisipasi segala permasalahan yang mungkin akan muncul dan mempunyai dan yang paling penting adalah cerdas dalam artian mampu membuat solusi atas berbagai permasalahan yang ada melalui berbagai sudut pandang. 4. Tablig atau penyampaikan. Selain ketiga sifat yang disebutkan diatas, pemimpin harus bisa menyampaikan dan mensosialisasikan segala kebijakan yang diambil.
Sumber : http://www.keuanganpraktis.com/2009/06/kepemimpinan-teladan-sifat-kepemimpinan.html
http://www.anneahira.com/motivasi/kepemimpinan.htm
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepemimpinan
Secara umum, orang akan mengatakan seseorang dapat menjadi seorang pemimpin jika dia memiliki ciri yang penting yaitu karisma, pandangan ke depan, persuasi dan intensitas. Atau dalam sumber lain mengatakan bahwa pemimpin harus memiliki ciri, integritas, bertanggung jawab, pengetahuan yang luas, komitmen, dan percaya diri.
Akan tetapi, masyarakat Indonesia kini lebih condong pada pemimpin yang berkharisma dan berprilaku sopan dan santun. Sehingga ciri lain yang diperlukan untuk menjadi pemimpin tidak diperhatikan atau malah tertutupi karena terpesona dengan karisma individu tersebut. Karena pemimpin bukan hanya orang yang dapat dijadikan contoh teladan tapi juga dapat bersifat tegas dalam menegakkan peraturan dan berani dalam mengambil resiko.
Sebenarnya, dalam kepemimpinan yang sudah dicontohkan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW pemimpin harus memiliki 4 ciri yaitu : 1. Shidiq atau benar. Artinya benar karena segala tindak tanduk sikap dan perbuatan dari pemimpin dilandasi kebenaran. 2. Amanah atau dapat dipercaya. Artinya segala ucapan dan janji ditepati dan dilakukan. 3. Fathonah atau Cerdas. Pemimpin harus cerdas sebagai syarat dalam pengantisipasi segala permasalahan yang mungkin akan muncul dan mempunyai dan yang paling penting adalah cerdas dalam artian mampu membuat solusi atas berbagai permasalahan yang ada melalui berbagai sudut pandang. 4. Tablig atau penyampaikan. Selain ketiga sifat yang disebutkan diatas, pemimpin harus bisa menyampaikan dan mensosialisasikan segala kebijakan yang diambil.
Sumber : http://www.keuanganpraktis.com/2009/06/kepemimpinan-teladan-sifat-kepemimpinan.html
http://www.anneahira.com/motivasi/kepemimpinan.htm
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepemimpinan
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